Force, torque, linear momentum, and angular momentum in classical electrodynamics

Angular Momentum and Conservation Laws in Classical Electrodynamics

In analogy with mechanics the concepts of field momentum and field angular momentum can be introduced in electrodynamics through conservation laws. In this thesis some fundamental properties of the electromagnetic field angular momentum are treated. This includes the connection to sources, conservation laws and the separation of total angular momentum into a spin and an orbital part. In 1957 Ze...

Do waves carrying orbital angular momentum possess azimuthal linear momentum?

All beams are a superposition of plane waves, which carry linear momentum in the direction of propagation with no net azimuthal component. However, plane waves incident on a hologram can produce a vortex beam carrying orbital angular momentum that seems to require an azimuthal linear momentum, which presents a paradox. We resolve this by showing that the azimuthal momentum is not a true linear ...

The Classical Spin or Intrinsic Angular Momentum

It is possible that in classical mechanics the concept of spin, in the sense of intrinsic angular momentum, has not been given the importance that, due to its unique character, it perhaps deserves. Nevertheless, there is more than sufficient evidence backing up the importance of taking spin into account, not only in quantum mechanics but also in classical mechanics. Its unique physical nature d...

Linear up-conversion of orbital angular momentum.

We experimentally demonstrated that infrared light imprinted with orbital angular momentum (OAM) was linearly converted into visible light using four-wave mixing (FWM) via a ladder-type configuration in 85Rb atoms. Simultaneously, we theoretically simulated this linear conversion process, and the theoretical analysis was in reasonable agreement with the experimental results. A large single-phot...

Angular Momentum